The Indian military has a storied history of resilience and success, standing as one of the world’s most formidable forces. From its decisive victory in the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War to operations in Kargil in 1999 and confronting Chinese intrusions in Galwan and Arunachal Pradesh, India’s armed forces have consistently demonstrated strategic brilliance and unmatched courage.
However, today, India faces a complex geopolitical environment. In addition to the persistent threats from two hostile neighbours—China and Pakistan—Bangladesh’s shifting dynamics pose a new challenge.
Recent unrest in Bangladesh, allegedly fuelled by U.S. deep-state-supported elements, led to nationwide turmoil. This unrest culminated in the ousting of the democratically elected Sheikh Hasina and the installation of a caretaker government linked to militant outfits.
These developments included attacks on Hindu minorities and their temples, drawing condemnation from global leaders, including U.S. President-elect Donald Trump, who pledged action after taking office on January 20, 2025.
Despite external challenges, 2024 marked significant advancements for India’s armed forces, bolstered by a government committed to their modernization and readiness.
Key achievements included:
Advanced Acquisitions
- Procurement of three Rafale jet fighter squadrons from France.
- Indigenous production of a second nuclear-capable submarine.
- Critical arms deals with allies like Russia and the U.S., including advanced drones.
Infrastructure Development
- Strengthened border roads for improved logistical efficiency.
- Construction of strategic airports in border states, notably in Ladakh.
These efforts reflect a broader modernization strategy, transforming India’s military into a tech-enabled, agile force.
Notable Advancements
- Indigenization
The ‘Make in India’ initiative spurred indigenous projects like Tejas fighter jets, Arjun tanks, and BrahMos missiles, reducing reliance on foreign imports.
- Operational Jointness
The creation of the Chief of Defence Staff (CDS) role in 2019 fostered better coordination among the Army, Navy, and Air Force, enabling joint operational efficiency.
- Strategic Partnerships
Collaborations with nations such as the U.S., Russia, Israel, and France enhanced capabilities through technology transfers and joint exercises.
- Digital Warfare
Investments in cyber and space warfare capabilities underscored India’s preparedness for future conflicts in these critical domains.
Challenges Ahead
Despite these achievements, several challenges could impact the Indian military’s effectiveness:
- Border Tensions
Continuous disputes with China and Pakistan strain resources and personnel.
- Budget Constraints
A significant portion of the defense budget is allocated to pensions and salaries, limiting funds available for modernization.
- Procurement Delays
Bureaucratic inefficiencies hinder the timely acquisition of critical systems, delaying operational readiness.
- Technological Edge
The rapid adoption of AI-driven warfare, autonomous systems, and hypersonic missiles is necessary to maintain competitiveness.
- Personnel Welfare
Addressing troop fatigue, mental health, and living conditions is essential to sustain morale and operational efficiency.
The Way Forward
- To secure its position as a global military power, India must adopt a comprehensive strategy:
- Overhaul bureaucratic processes to expedite defense acquisitions and enhance efficiency.
- Invest in simulation-based and multi-domain warfare training to prepare forces for modern combat scenarios.
- Leverage private sector innovation to boost defense production and drive technological advancements.
- Strengthen contributions to peacekeeping and humanitarian missions to bolster India’s global influence.
Additionally, India’s defense equipment under the ‘Atmanirbhar Bharat’ initiative could achieve export targets of approximately Rs. 21,000 crore, including indigenously developed BrahMos missiles and Tejas fighter jets.
India’s military symbolizes strength, unity, and a legacy of valour. By addressing challenges with strategic foresight and decisive action, India can ensure its armed forces remain a cornerstone of national security and a beacon of stability in an ever-evolving global landscape.
