India, the world’s third-largest energy consumer, has traditionally been dependent on imports to meet its vast energy needs. However, a mix of strategic initiatives, renewable energy investments, and technological advances are positioning India to transition from a major energy importer to a potential global supplier. India’s renewable energy capacity has grown exponentially. As of 2023, India’s installed renewable energy capacity stands at 179 GW, comprising solar (72 GW), wind (44 GW), and hydroelectric power (46 GW), with ambitious plans to reach 500 GW by 2030. Solar power leads this transformation, fuelled by declining costs and vast solar potential, especially in Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. India’s International Solar Alliance (ISA), launched in 2015, showcases its leadership in solar energy diplomacy, promoting cooperation with over 120 countries to mobilize $1 trillion in solar investments by 2030. This positions India not only as a clean energy hub but also as an exporter of solar technology, expertise, and infrastructure solutions. India is betting big on green hydrogen—a clean energy source produced using renewable power. Under the National Green Hydrogen Mission, the government aims to produce 5 million metric tonnes (MMT) of green hydrogen annually by 2030 and become a global export hub. Major Indian conglomerates like Reliance Industries and Adani Group have announced multibillion-dollar investments in green hydrogen projects.
With abundant sunlight and a large coastline for water electrolysis, India has significant competitive advantages in green hydrogen production. Countries like Japan, South Korea, and Germany, which lack renewable resources, are emerging as potential buyers of India’s hydrogen exports. While renewables take centre stage, India is also advancing efforts to harness its hydrocarbon resources. The government’s Hydrocarbon Exploration Licensing Policy (HELP) and the Open Acreage Licensing Programme have spurred domestic exploration. However, India’s limited reserves mean that energy exports in oil and gas will remain secondary to its renewable potential. Despite progress, challenges remain. High initial costs, intermittent renewable energy supply, and the need for advanced energy storage solutions must be addressed. Further, achieving scale in green hydrogen production requires global collaboration, technological innovation, and policy consistency. India’s emergence as an energy supplier hinges on its ability to leverage renewables and green hydrogen while fostering international partnerships. If it sustains its current momentum, India under the ablee leadership of Narendra Modi could become a major player in global energy markets, supplying clean and affordable energy to energy-deficient nations. With its vast resources, Modi’s bold policies, and growing investments, India is not just meeting its own energy goals but is well on its way to becoming a global energy powerhouse.